La responsabilità sociale nel turismo
Parole chiave:
turismo, responsabilità sociale, business model, filieraAbstract
In questo articolo si evidenziano le tematiche principali associate alla responsabilità nel turismo che possono essere applicate a diversi contesti. L’attuale business model della filiera legata al turismo non considera il concetto di responsabilità sociale. L’analisi si concentra sul contesto Europeo, individuando 173 articoli scientifici presenti su Scopus. Sulla base delle fonti individuate lo studio analizza attraverso l’analisi bibliometrica delle fonti le variabili principali che identificano il concetto di responsabilità sociale. L’analisi integra il business model composto da soggetti pubblici, privati e no profit e in grado di generare valore e rispondere ai bisogni del mercato, del territorio e della comunità con elementi di carattere ambientale, sociale, economico e tecnologico. Lo studio propone la possibilità di adottare la misurazione di elementi di responsabilità sociale attraverso diverse linee guida, approcci ed indicatori già esistenti nel contesto Europeo. Tra questi la convenzione sulla diversità biologica (CBD) e relative linee guida sulla biodiversità e lo sviluppo del turismo, gli indirizzi dell’unione Internazionale per la Conservazione della Natura (IUCN) le linee guida per la pianificazione e la gestione del turismo sostenibile, le linee guida su iniziative e buone pratiche per il turismo sostenibile e la Rete Natura 2000 in Europa, la Carta europea per il turismo sostenibile (ECST) e gli Standard del Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) che consolidano parte delle osservazioni poste dai nuovi indirizzi EFRAG sulla sostenibilità ambientale e informazioni di rendicontazione, le linee guida sul rapporto tra pubbliche amministrazioni ed enti del terzo settore negli artt. 55-57 del d.lgs. n.117/2017 (codice del terzo settore) ed il Codice dei contratti (D.lgs 50/2016) che tratta l’argomento del partenariato nel Titolo I della Parte IV. Questi elementi dovrebbero costituire la base per l’integrazione dei business model attualmente studiati in letteratura. Gli scenari presentati aiutano, quindi, a identificare la gamma di percorsi di sviluppo plausibili, costruendo così le basi per future ricerche basate sui modelli.
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